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Biochips & Biosensors for POCT Application
A biosensor for point-of-care testing (POCT) is a portable device that integrates biological recognition elements with transducers to detect and quantify specific analytes. It enables rapid and accurate diagnostic testing at the point of care. Biosensors for POCT applications offer high sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity, allowing for the detection of target analytes in small sample volumes within minutes. They operate through the binding of the recognition element to the target analyte, generating a measurable signal that is converted by the transducer into a quantifiable output. These biosensors have diverse applications, including glucose monitoring, infectious disease detection, cardiac biomarker monitoring, and cancer marker detection. They provide real-time results, facilitate timely decision-making, and have the potential to improve healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings.
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Electrochemical Biosensor for Leptin Detection in Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Models
This work presents an electrochemical biosensor for detecting leptin, a hormone associated with obesity, using o-Phenylenediamine (oPD) on screen-printed gold electrodes. The biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity, with a linear calibration curve obtained in the concentration range of 0.1 to 20 ng/mL and a lower detection limit of 0.033 ng/mL. The leptin concentration was quantified using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. Compared to a commercial Leptin ELISA measurement, the biosensor showed improved stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and effectiveness. This biosensor has potential as a sensitive analytical tool for detecting low levels of biomarkers in clinical settings and point-of-care testing (POCT).
Sung, R., & Heo, Y. S. (2020). Sandwich ELISA-based electrochemical biosensor for leptin in control and diet-induced obesity mouse model. Biosensors, 11(1), 7.
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Nanopillar Electrochemical Sensor for Insulin Evaluation
This study introduces a highly ordered nanopillar electrode with enhanced electron transfer for sensitive analysis of biomarkers. The electrode, fabricated on flexible polyurethane, exhibits a nanostructure with high aspect ratio. Insulin was chosen as a biomarker to monitor insulin resistance associated with obesity. The electrode's nanostructure enabled effective analysis of insulin concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/mL in real samples using electrochemical immunoassay. The nanopillar electrode demonstrated high sensitivity (LOD of 0.1 ng/mL) and reproducibility (<10%) compared to commercial electrodes. It offers precise and sensitive analysis of low-level biomolecules in medical and commercial applications.
Park, Y. M., Choi, Y. S., Lee, H. R., Heo, Y. S., Bae, N. H., Lee, T. J., & Lee, S. J. (2020). Flexible and highly ordered nanopillar electrochemical sensor for sensitive insulin evaluation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 161, 112252.
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Dual Electrode Biosensor system for Glucose and Lactate Measurement in Obese Mice Blood
This study presents an enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor with two working electrodes for sequential detection of glucose and lactate concentrations in a small drop of whole blood. The biosensor was used to monitor glucose and lactate levels in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Linear calibration curves were obtained for both glucose and lactate, with concentration ranges of 0.5 to 35 mM and 0.5 to 25 mM, respectively. A ratio of lactate to glucose concentration (L/G) was calculated and correlated with weight gain, providing a criterion to differentiate between normal and obese conditions. A diagnostic plot based on L/G and weight gain categorized health conditions into four zones. The biosensor exhibited stability, selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency, making it a potential analytical tool for diagnosing glucose and lactate biomarkers in clinics and monitoring obesity.
Thapa, M., Sung, R., & Heo, Y. S. (2021). A dual electrode biosensor for glucose and lactate measurement in normal and prolonged obese mice using single drop of whole blood. Biosensors, 11(12), 507.
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Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin
This work presents a label-free electrochemical detection method using modified carbon electrodes for simultaneous measurement of glucose and HbA1c in a single sample drop. Glucose oxidase and capture antibodies against HbA1c were immobilized on two working electrodes of dual screen-printed carbon electrodes. The biosensor exhibited linear calibration curves for glucose concentration, HbA1c concentration, and HbA1c percentage solution, with high sensitivities and stability. The biosensor's efficiency was compared to commercial kits using whole blood samples, demonstrating its potential as a cost-effective and commercially viable method for assessing glycemic conditions by measuring glucose and HbA1c electrochemically.
Thapa, M., & Heo, Y. S. (2023). Label-free electrochemical detection of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 221, 114907.
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